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He was of the opinion that we cannot adopt the policy to do away with chemical or hazardous industries as they also help to improve the quality of life, a sin this case this factory, was supplying chlorine to Delhi Water Supply Undertaking which is used to maintain the wholesomeness of drinking water. Thus industries even if hazardous have to be set up since they are essential for economic development and advancement of well being of the people.

Thus the Supreme Court was of the opinion that total ban on the above industry of public utility will impede the developmental activities. It was also observed that permanent closure of the factory would result in the unemployment of workers, caustic soda factory and add to social problem of poverty.

Therefore the court made an order to open the factory temporarily subject to eleven conditions and appointed an expert committee to monitor the working of the industry. The court also suggested that a national policy will have to be evolved by the Government for the location of toxic or hazardous industries and a decision will have to be taken in regard of relocation of such industries with a view to eliminate risk to the community.

The Court also directed that Shriram industries would deposit Rs 20 lakhs and to furnish a bank guarantee for Rs. The quantum of compensation was determinable by the District Judge , Delhi. It also shows that the court made the industry "absolutely liable " and compensation to be paid as when the injury was proved without requiring the industry to be present in the case.

The above mentioned conditions were formulated to ensure continuous compliance with the safety standards and procedures laid by the committees Manmohan Singh Committee and Nilay Choudhary Committee so that the possibility of hazard or risk to workmen could be reduced to nil. This all indicates that Supreme Court in its judgement emphasized that certain standard qualities to be laid down by the government and further it should also make law on the management and handling of hazardous substances including the procedure to set up and to run industry with minimal risk to humans , animals etc.

Further the industries cannot absolve itself of the responsibility by showing either that that they were not negligent in dealing with the hazardous substance or they took all the necessary and reasonable precautions while dealing with it.

Thus the court applied the principle of no — fault liability in this case. The court observed that apart from issuing directions , it can under Article 32 forge new remedies and fashion new strategies designed to enforce fundamental rights. The power under Article 32 is not confined to preventive measures when fundamental rights are threatened to be violated but it also extends to remedial measures when the rights are already violated vide Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India. The court however held that it has power to grant remedial relief in appropriate cases where violation of fundamental rights is gross and patent and affects persons on a large scale or where affected persons are poor and backward.

Regarding the measure of liability of an industry engaged in hazardous or inherently dangerous activity in case of an accident the court examined whether the rule in Rylands vs Fletcher would be applicable in such cases. This rule laid down if a person who brings on to his land and collects and keep there anything likely to do harm and such thing escapes and does damage to another he is liable to compensate for the damage caused.

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Food control and certification systems must be of a high standard. In addition to the health and safety standards and regulations agreed by international bodies such as the World Organ 4. As of right now, feed cost is probably one of the most serious challenges for the industry.

He challenges faced by the poultry industry are high feed costs, inadequate cold chain and transportation infrastructure, high vulnerability to disease outbreaks and highly volatile realizations affecting cash flows, according to ICRA.

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Various significant improvements can be made in these production systems through the use and implementation of the most advanced and scientific practices. In addition to the challenges posed by the various pathogenic diseases, the farmers also face the problem for low capital. Help from the side of the government and other investment institutions, is all that is needed by them for ensuring health growth and development conditions for the domesticated animals. The demand of eggs and poultry meat is increasing.

The people have a capacity to buy products. The 'quality' of products has to be improved. India has technically qualified manpower, a strong private poultry sector and financial credit institutions.

There is a considerable scope in investments in all aspects of poultry namely breeding, feeding. Housing and management, health control and processing and marketing of products both for the domestic as well as export market.

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy Continue. Figure 1. View Large Download. Figure 2. Change in Symptom Classification. Table 1. Baseline Characteristics. Table 2. Primary Outcome at 6 Months. Table 3. Secondary Outcomes at 12 Months a. Table 4. Clinical Events Through 12 Months. Supplement 1.

Trial protocol. Supplement 2. Statistical analysis plan. Supplement 3. Change in heart rate eFigure 3. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome eFigure 4.

Change in quality of life eFigure 5. Medication usage over time eTable 2. Resting and exertional heart rate eTable 3. Generic quality of life data eTable 4. AF-specific quality of life data eTable 5. Adverse event reporting over months eTable 6. Supplement 4.

Data sharing statement. Temporal trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of atrial fibrillation in primary care. PubMed Google Scholar. Distribution and risk profile of paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent atrial fibrillation in routine clinical practice. PubMed Google Scholar Crossref.

Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: what should we do? Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation: vicious twins. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure due to reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. Beta-blocker efficacy across different cardiovascular indications: an umbrella review and meta-analytic assessment. Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure.

Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data. Digoxin: the good and the bad. Impact of renal impairment on beta-blocker efficacy in patients with heart failure. European Society of Cardiology smartphone and tablet applications for patients with atrial fibrillation and their health care providers.

Patient-reported outcomes for quality of life assessment in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of measurement properties. A practical guide to assess the reproducibility of echocardiographic measurements. Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation.

How is the minimal clinically important difference established in health-related quality of life instruments? The 6-min walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from seven countries. A national survey of the prevalence, incidence, primary care burden and treatment of atrial fibrillation in Scotland.

Importance and assessment of quality of life in symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation: patient focus groups from the RATE-AF trial. Swinney; Heart rate and rhythm and the benefit of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure. Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Assessment of health-related quality of life using the SF in Chinese cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients after surgery and its consistency with neurological function assessment: a cohort study.